Bahar Baradaran’s Reviews > Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know > Status Update

When psychological safety exists without accountability, people tend to stay within their comfort zone. And when there is accountability but not safety, people tend to stay silent in an anxiety zone. When we combine the two, we creat a learning zone.

Presenting two extremes isn’t the solution. It’s part of the polarization problem. Psychologists have a name for this: binary bias. It’s a basic human tendency to see clarity and closure by simplifying a complex continuum into two categories.

The Wright brothers were masters at having intense task conflict without relationship conflict. Experiments show that simply framing a dispute as a debate rather than as a disagreement signals that you’re receptive to considering dissenting opinions and changing your mind, which in turn motivates the other person to share more information with you.

To unlock the joy of being wrong, we need to detach. I’ve learned that two kinds of detachment are especially useful: detaching your present from your past, and detaching your opinions from your identity.

We still have a lot to learn when impostor syndrome is beneficial versus when it’s detrimental. When our impostor fears crop up, the usual advice is to ignore them. Give ourselves the benefit of doubt, instead, we may be better off embracing those fears.

When we lack the knowledge and skills to achieve excellence, we sometimes lack the knowledge and skills to jodge the excellence.

The more superior participants thought their knowledge was, the more they overestimated themselves and less interested they were in learning and updating. (Dunning-Kruger effect)

cognitive laziness:
We often prefer the ease of hanging on to old views over the difficulty of grappling with new ones.