Andre’s Reviews > Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China > Status Update

was the meaning of the tribute system really so diverse as the author states here during the Qing and that no single system as such existed?

So not only were the Manchu garrisons seggregated from the Han, but the Qianlong emperor did not just try to preserve manchu cultural and racial identity but arguably created it.

Considered that the book came out in 2001, it is really depressing that the topic of china's unwillingness to consider the Qing a colonial power as well as westerners being unwilling about it either is still so prominent. And due to the same reasons as China's self-image as a victim of western aggression etc,

I like the take of looking at european and chinese maps in their historical contexts and developments. However, while the book says Qing empire it constantly refers to european and chinese.