Alex Levine’s Reviews > The Chinese Question: The Gold Rushes and Global Politics > Status Update

Although there had long been cross-Pacific movement, the Gold Rushes “exploded” networks, creating the modern trans-Pacific by creating huge diaspora communities and movements of people, products, and finance particularly between the nodes of San Francisco, Sydney, and Hong Kong. It’s interesting that this doesn’t include Shanghai. Perhaps the city is better integrated into imperial networks linking west?