The Enlightenment and its Impact (278 books)

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This list is for titles relating to the Enlightenment (also known as The Age of Enlightenment and the Age of Reason) in its various forms in the Western world during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is not restricted to the better-known, traditional "High Enlightenment" of eighteenth-century France, but aims to be comprehensive of all the various forms the Enlightenment took. In addition, the focus is not solely upon matters philosophical: the Enlightenment was as much a social phenomenon as an intellectual one. Therefore, titles relating to how knowledge were created, interpreted, disseminated and transformed are as welcome as books on the social and political background. In general our preference is for more recent works in English (or in English translation), but there is certainly space for the classics as well.

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1	The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.78 avg rating — 58,772 ratings score: 1,989, and 21 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
2	An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith 3.89 avg rating — 35,239 ratings score: 1,767, and 19 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
3	Candide and Philosophical Letters by Voltaire 3.69 avg rating — 581 ratings score: 1,726, and 18 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
4	Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant 3.96 avg rating — 43,112 ratings score: 1,549, and 17 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
5	The Enlightenment, Volume 1: The Rise of Modern Paganism by Peter Gay 4.14 avg rating — 432 ratings score: 1,237, and 13 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
6	An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume 3.94 avg rating — 22,631 ratings score: 1,220, and 14 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
7	The Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.60 avg rating — 9,216 ratings score: 964, and 11 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
8	Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes 3.70 avg rating — 53,783 ratings score: 917, and 10 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
9	The Spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu 3.98 avg rating — 5,425 ratings score: 898, and 10 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
10	An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment? by Immanuel Kant 3.83 avg rating — 3,210 ratings score: 861, and 10 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
11	Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy by René Descartes 3.77 avg rating — 37,188 ratings score: 809, and 9 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
12	Two Treatises of Government & A Letter Concerning Toleration by John Locke 3.87 avg rating — 19,706 ratings score: 781, and 9 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
13	The Enlightenment, Volume 2: The Science of Freedom by Peter Gay 4.07 avg rating — 187 ratings score: 747, and 8 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
14	The Philosophy of the Enlightenment by Ernst Cassirer 4.12 avg rating — 257 ratings score: 718, and 8 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
15	Collected Writings: Common Sense / The Crisis / Rights of Man / The Age of Reason / Pamphlets, Articles, and Letters by Thomas Paine 4.26 avg rating — 1,736 ratings score: 709, and 9 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
16	Pensées by Blaise Pascal 3.94 avg rating — 14,576 ratings score: 638, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
17	Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison by Michel Foucault 4.24 avg rating — 37,541 ratings score: 624, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
18	Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650-1750 by Jonathan I. Israel 4.18 avg rating — 405 ratings score: 615, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
19	The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon 4.02 avg rating — 15,592 ratings score: 612, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
20	Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason by Michel Foucault 4.08 avg rating — 14,726 ratings score: 608, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
21	The Life of Samuel Johnson by James Boswell 3.80 avg rating — 5,375 ratings score: 531, and 6 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
22	A Social History of Knowledge, Volume 1: From Gutenberg to Diderot by Peter Burke 3.94 avg rating — 194 ratings score: 520, and 6 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
23	Ethics by Baruch Spinoza 4.10 avg rating — 21,713 ratings score: 508, and 6 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
24	Philosophical Dictionary by Voltaire 4.06 avg rating — 2,286 ratings score: 458, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
25	America at 1750: A Social Portrait by Richard Hofstadter 3.69 avg rating — 153 ratings score: 452, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
26	The Complete Essays by Michel de Montaigne 4.23 avg rating — 22,337 ratings score: 442, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
27	The Enlightenment (New Approaches to European History, Series Number 7) by Dorinda Outram 3.61 avg rating — 258 ratings score: 434, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
28	Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and The Natural History of Religion by David Hume 4.04 avg rating — 1,095 ratings score: 424, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
29	The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (Bicentennial Reflections on the French Revolution) by Roger Chartier 3.74 avg rating — 156 ratings score: 411, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
30	The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception by Michel Foucault 3.94 avg rating — 2,546 ratings score: 405, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
31	The Rosicrucian Enlightenment by Frances A. Yates 4.22 avg rating — 576 ratings score: 384, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
32	Emile: or On Education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.57 avg rating — 5,374 ratings score: 368, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
33	The Autobiography and Other Writings by Benjamin Franklin 3.78 avg rating — 2,647 ratings score: 365, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
34	The Enlightenment: A Comparative Social History 1721-1794 by Thomas Munck 3.25 avg rating — 12 ratings score: 340, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
35	The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment by Dena Goodman 3.64 avg rating — 77 ratings score: 337, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
36	Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 1670-1752 by Jonathan I. Israel 4.30 avg rating — 105 ratings score: 320, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
37	The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte by Frederick C. Beiser 4.43 avg rating — 174 ratings score: 316, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
38	System of Nature by Denis Diderot (Editor) 4.31 avg rating — 65 ratings score: 314, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
39	The Enlightenment in America (Galaxy Books) by Henry F. May 3.90 avg rating — 83 ratings score: 312, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
40	A Blessed Olive Tree: A Spiritual Journey in Twenty Short Stories by Zain Hashmi (Goodreads Author) 4.04 avg rating — 166 ratings score: 300, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
41	Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution by Lisa Jardine 3.77 avg rating — 326 ratings score: 296, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
42	Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius – A Masterly Historical Biography of the Philosopher Who Transformed Political Thought by Leo Damrosch 4.15 avg rating — 230 ratings score: 295, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
43	Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke 3.74 avg rating — 7,393 ratings score: 289, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
44	The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton 4.10 avg rating — 42,314 ratings score: 288, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
45	A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom 4.11 avg rating — 754 ratings score: 284, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
46	Candide, or Optimism by Voltaire 3.76 avg rating — 305,034 ratings score: 282, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
47	The Scottish Enlightenment : The Scots' Invention of the Modern World by Arthur Herman 3.94 avg rating — 6,888 ratings score: 278, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
48	Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson (Goodreads Author) 4.05 avg rating — 151,732 ratings score: 275, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
49	The Cultural Life of the American Colonies by Louis B. Wright 3.75 avg rating — 48 ratings score: 269, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
50	Women, Gender and Enlightenment by Sarah Knott (Editor) 4.06 avg rating — 18 ratings score: 266, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
51	Rameau's Nephew / D'Alembert's Dream by Denis Diderot 3.67 avg rating — 1,662 ratings score: 262, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
52	The Old Regime and the French Revolution by Alexis de Tocqueville 4.04 avg rating — 2,659 ratings score: 261, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
53	The Literary Underground of the Old Regime by Darnton 3.92 avg rating — 181 ratings score: 258, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
54	Crowded with Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind by James Buchan 3.47 avg rating — 90 ratings score: 256, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
55	The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment by Peter Gay 3.73 avg rating — 26 ratings score: 252, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
56	The Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons and Republicans by Margaret C. Jacob 4.17 avg rating — 23 ratings score: 248, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
57	1688: The First Modern Revolution (The Lewis Walpole Series in Eighteenth-Century Culture and History) by Steven C.A. Pincus 3.85 avg rating — 300 ratings score: 244, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
58	The Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith 4.06 avg rating — 4,729 ratings score: 227, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
59	The Nun by Denis Diderot 3.75 avg rating — 9,067 ratings score: 220, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
60	The Roads to Modernity: The British, French, and American Enlightenments by Gertrude Himmelfarb 3.76 avg rating — 376 ratings score: 218, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
61	The American Enlightenment, 1750-1820 by Robert A. Ferguson 4.16 avg rating — 19 ratings score: 216, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
62	Faith in the Age of Reason: The Enlightenment from Galileo to Kant by Jonathan Hill 3.86 avg rating — 21 ratings score: 209, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
63	American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson by Joseph J. Ellis 3.94 avg rating — 29,120 ratings score: 203, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
64	Writings by George Washington 4.24 avg rating — 270 ratings score: 200, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
64	The Soul of Civility: Timeless Principles to Heal Society and Ourselves by Alexandra Hudson (Goodreads Author) 4.01 avg rating — 191 ratings score: 200, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
64	Men As Friends: From Cicero to Svevo to Cataldo by Irwin Epstein 4.92 avg rating — 24 ratings score: 200, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
67	A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza's Scandalous Treatise and the Birth of the Secular Age by Steven Nadler 3.98 avg rating — 1,013 ratings score: 199, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
68	The Blackwell Companion to the Enlightenment by John W. Yolton (editor) liked it 3.00 avg rating — 3 ratings score: 197, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
69	The Dark Side of the Enlightenment: Wizards, Alchemists, and Spiritual Seekers in the Age of Reason by John V. Fleming 3.22 avg rating — 204 ratings score: 194, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
70	Autobiography / Poor Richard / Later Writings by Benjamin Franklin 4.16 avg rating — 129 ratings score: 191, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
71	The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin 3.85 avg rating — 92,681 ratings score: 190, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
72	Panorama of the Enlightenment by Dorinda Outram 3.93 avg rating — 46 ratings score: 185, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
73	Thomas Jefferson: Writings by Thomas Jefferson 4.23 avg rating — 1,495 ratings score: 184, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
73	Reveries of the Solitary Walker by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.61 avg rating — 7,687 ratings score: 184, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
73	Candide by Voltaire 3.76 avg rating — 305,034 ratings score: 184, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
76	The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment by Roy Porter 3.78 avg rating — 74 ratings score: 181, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
76	The Great Upheaval: America and the Birth of the Modern World, 1788-1800 by Jay Winik 4.08 avg rating — 2,051 ratings score: 181, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
78	A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy by Jonathan I. Israel 3.80 avg rating — 405 ratings score: 180, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
79	The Scottish Enlightenment: The Historical Age of the Historical Nation by Alexander Broadie 3.85 avg rating — 79 ratings score: 174, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
79	The Rationalists: Descartes: Discourse on Method & Meditations; Spinoza: Ethics; Leibniz: Monadology & Discourse on Metaphysics by Richard Taylor (Editor) 3.81 avg rating — 150 ratings score: 174, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
81	The Enlightenment World by Martin Fitzpatrick (Editor) 3.50 avg rating — 4 ratings score: 172, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
81	Jacques the Fatalist and His Master by Denis Diderot 3.79 avg rating — 9,851 ratings score: 172, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
83	Europe in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution (Metropolitan Museum of Art Series) by J.P. Marandel 3.50 avg rating — 2 ratings score: 171, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
84	Persian Letters by Montesquieu 3.62 avg rating — 8,245 ratings score: 166, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
85	Corinne, or Italy by Madame de Staël 3.57 avg rating — 670 ratings score: 164, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
86	The Enlightenment Past: Reconstructing Eighteenth-Century French Thought by Daniel Brewer really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 3 ratings score: 163, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
87	Pascal's Wager: The Man Who Played Dice with God by James A. Connor (Goodreads Author) 3.52 avg rating — 166 ratings score: 161, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
87	The Cambridge Companion to Locke by Vere C. Chappell (Editor) 3.88 avg rating — 49 ratings score: 161, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
89	The Principia : Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy by Isaac Newton 4.24 avg rating — 4,828 ratings score: 160, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
89	Mistress to an Age: A Life of Madame de Stael by J. Christopher Herold 3.98 avg rating — 125 ratings score: 160, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
91	Spinoza: A Life by Steven Nadler 4.16 avg rating — 484 ratings score: 159, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
92	The Cambridge Companion to Hume by David Fate Norton (Editor) 3.94 avg rating — 49 ratings score: 155, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
93	Voltaire Almighty: A Life in Pursuit of Freedom by Roger Pearson 3.89 avg rating — 212 ratings score: 149, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
93	The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes by Tom Sorell (Editor) 3.93 avg rating — 27 ratings score: 149, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
95	A Companion to Early Modern Philosophy by Steven Nadler (Editor) 3.40 avg rating — 10 ratings score: 147, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
96	The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith by Knud Haakonssen (Editor) 3.95 avg rating — 22 ratings score: 142, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
97	The Cambridge Companion to Voltaire by Nicholas Cronk (Editor) 3.93 avg rating — 14 ratings score: 134, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
98	Religion and the Enlightenment by James M. Byrne 3.82 avg rating — 22 ratings score: 133, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
99	Writings by James Madison 4.17 avg rating — 204 ratings score: 132, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
100	The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment by Alexander Broadie 3.81 avg rating — 21 ratings score: 129, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars