“The apparatus of corrective penality acts in a quite different way. The point of application of the penality is not the representation, but the body, time, everyday gestures and activities; the soul, too, but in so far as it is the seat of habits. The body and the soul, as principles of behaviour, from the element that is now proposed for punitive intervention. Rather than on an art of representations, this punitive intervention must rest on studied manipulation of the individual:'I have no more doubt of every crime having its cure in moral and physical influence...'; so, in order to decide on punishments, one 'will require some knowledge of the principles of sensations, and of the sympathies which occur in the nervous system'. As for the instruments used, these are no longer complexes of representation, reinforced and circulated, but forms of coercion, schemata of constraint, applied and repeated. Exercises, not signs: time-tables, compulsory movements, regular activities, solitary meditation, work in common, silence, application, respect, good habits. And, ultimately, what one is trying to restore in this technique of correction is not so much the juridical subject, who is caught up in the fundamental interests of the social pact, but the obedient subject, the individual subjected to habits, rules, orders, an authority that is exercised continually around him and upon him, and which he must allow to function automatically in him. There are two quite distinct ways, therefore, of reacting to the offence: one may restore the juridical subject of the social pact, or shape an obedient subject, according to the general and detailed form of some power.”
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“الحياة كلمة لبنانية و التجارة كلمة سورية و اللامبالاة كلمة مصرية”
― على سفر
― على سفر
“فكما انه ليس من صالح الوصي ان يبلغ الأيتام رشدهم، كذلك ليس من غرض المستبد أن تتنور الرعية بالعلم”
― طبائع الاستبداد ومصارع الاستعباد
― طبائع الاستبداد ومصارع الاستعباد
“Nothing can appear more contradictory than the principles on which the old governments began, and the condition to which society, civilisation and commerce are capable of carrying mankind. Government, one the old system, is an assumption of power, for the aggrandisement of itself; on the new, a delegation of power for the common benefit of society. The former supports itself by keeping up a system of war; the later promotes a system of peace, as the true means of enriching a nation. The one encourages national prejudices; the other promotes universal society, as the means of universal commerce. The one measures its prosperity, by the quantity of revenue it extorts; the other proves its excellence, by the small quantity of taxes it requires.”
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Egyptians Good Readers
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Egyptian Good Readers [EGR] ديدان قراية مصرية بتسلي بعض في طريق الثقافة الجروب دا لينا ... للي بيحبوا القراية .. وديدان الكتب .. او اليرقات اللي في طر ...more
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It is a group to encourage each other reading more English books and recommend books to each other.
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Goodreads Librarians are volunteers who help ensure the accuracy of information about books and authors in the Goodreads' catalog. The Goodreads Libra ...more
Arab librarians كتبيّون عرب
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هذه صفحة للكتبيّين العرب، تعنى بكل ما له علاقة بالكتب العربية الموجودة على الموقع، و مشاكل الإضافة. حتى تنتظم إضافة الكتب العربية و يزداد الحضور العرب ...more
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